Using neem to control soil-borne pests such as nematodes is a subject that has under-gone much research and practical testing in India in particular. The most common form of application is the press cake which is worked into the soil a few weeks before sowing. In this way it is possible to reduce, to a considerable extent, the reproduction an population density on numerous phytopathogenic nematode species. There are many indications that neem's efficacy against nematodes is heavily dependent upon the prevailing soil conditions.